Author: zensciences

This Connect provides a brief overview of the Supreme Court’s judgment in the Shiv Charan Das case, in which it held that while a contract of personal service cannot be specifically enforced to grant reinstatement, a suit for wrongful termination claiming damages remains fully maintainable.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of Sikkim High Court in the case of Homnath Neopaney & Oothers vs. National Hydro Electric Power Corporation Limited and Others wherein it was ruled that the employee protection and deemed absorption clause in an approved scheme of amalgamation applies exclusively to individuals who remain active employees on the rolls of the transferor company on the date the scheme becomes effective.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the Supreme Court’s judgment in the ONGC case, in which it ruled that the Controlling Authority under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 lacks jurisdiction to determine employer-employee relationships or fasten gratuity liability on a principal employer, affirming that contract labour provisions do not extend gratuity obligations to principal employers.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the Central Government’s notification enhancing the EPF wage ceiling from INR 15,000 to INR 25,000 per month under the Code on Social Security, 2020, including its impact on EPF contributions and considerations for employers.

This Connect provides an overview of the key amendments introduced by the Karnataka Shops and Commercial Establishments (Amendment) Act, 2026. It discusses the changes relating to registration, employee documentation, employment of women during night, enhanced monetary penalties, and appellate mechanisms, along with their alignment with the Labour Codes.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of Supreme Court in the case of Nazibul Rahim Khan & Ors. v. State of Uttar Pradesh & Anr., wherein criminal proceedings were quashed which were initiated after a delay of 23 years. The Supreme Court held that although civil and criminal proceedings may be maintainable on the same cause of action, an inordinate and unexplained delay in invoking criminal proceedings may indicate that the proceedings are not bona fide and are being used as a pressure tactic or for harassment.
 

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Himachal Pradesh High Court (HC)  in the Registrar Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College v. Padam Kumar case, where it held that an employer is mandatorily required to comply with the provisions governing retrenchment before terminating a workman who has completed 240 days of continuous service. The HC further held that termination on grounds of misconduct without adhering to principles of natural justice is illegal.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in the Akhilesh Nimawat case wherein it held that an employee’s termination for alleged misconduct cannot be sustained where no departmental inquiry was conducted and the principles of natural justice were not followed.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Madhya Pradesh High Court, in the Gramin Bank case, wherein it held that mere dismissal from service pursuant to a departmental enquiry does not, by itself, result in automatic forfeiture of gratuity unless the statutory conditions prescribed under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 are satisfied.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the Kerala High Court’s judgment in the KPSC case, in which it ruled that internal disciplinary file notings and deliberative opinions of a public authority constitute exempt personal information under the Right to Information Act, 2005, even when sought by the concerned delinquent employee who is the subject of those disciplinary proceedings.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh , in the case of the Jammu & Kashmir Central Cooperative Bank Limited v/s Anil Kishore Gupta wherein it was ruled that the mandatory pre-deposit required to entertain an appeal under Section 7(7) of the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, is strictly limited to the principal gratuity amount and does not encompass the interest component awarded by the Controlling Authority.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in the Ankit Rawal case wherein it held that judicial orders cannot be reopened merely because a litigant subsequently disowns the statement made by his counsel.
 

This Connect provides a brief overview of the Employees’ Deposit-Linked Insurance Scheme, 2026, notified under the Code on Social Security, 2020. It discusses the Scheme’s applicability, employer obligations, and employee benefits.

The fifth of the series, providing an overview of the Employees’ Provident Funds Scheme, 2026.

The Ministry of Labour and Employment had notified the Employees’ Provident Funds Scheme, 2026 (Scheme) on 29 June 2026, repealing the Employees’ Provident Funds Scheme, 1952. While the Code on Social Security, 2020 (CSS) had come into force on November 21, 2025 and had subsumed the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952, reliance had to be placed on the erstwhile Employees’ Provident Funds Scheme, 1952, in the absence of the finalized rules and applicable schemes. This Scheme aims to shed more clarity and address compliance requirements in alignment with the CSS

This Connect provides an overview of the Supreme Court’s judgment in the Rajesh Sharma case, in which it reaffirmed that the existence of subordinate regulations cannot fetter the legislature’s power to amend a parent statute and override inconsistent regulations.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of Delhi High Court , in the case of Allahabad Bank vs. R.S. Saini, wherein the HC reaffirmed that proceedings under Section 33C(2) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (ID Act) are limited to the computation of existing rights and cannot be used to adjudicate a disputed entitlement that has not been previously recognized.  

This Connect provides a brief overview of the Patna High Court’s judgment in the Gupta Power case, in which it reaffirmed that state instrumentalities possess an inherent executive power to blacklist contractors even in the absence of express provisions in a tender or contract.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Uttarakhand High Court in the Nagendra Pratap case, where it held that a government servant cannot be kept under suspension for an indefinite period and quashed the suspension order, noting that the disciplinary enquiry was unlikely to conclude in the near future.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Calcutta High Court in the Parraj Automobiles Private Limited v. Mr. Samiran Sinha case, where it held that as per Section 27 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, non-compete clause in an employment agreement shall be void, as the same is violative of a person’s right to livelihood. However, provisions pertaining to non-solicitation, non-disclosure and similar confidentiality obligations shall be valid and employers can seek protection of the same through injunctive relief.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Madras High Court in the Cognizant Technology Solutions case where it examined whether termination of an employee without proper communication of the dismissal could be sustained under the Tamil Nadu Shops and Establishments Act, 1947 (“Act”), and held that reinstatement with back wages was justified in cases of abrupt termination of employment.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Bombay High Court  in the Bharat Aviation Pvt. Ltd. & Anr. v. Rahul Sudhindra Soni case, where it held that if an employee acts in violation of a valid service bond, then the employer of such employee is not obligated to issue relieving letter and separation certificate to such employee. The HC further reiterated that such withholding of relieving letter shall not be violative of Section 27 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of Bombay High Court, in the case of Dhanraj R. Mahale wherein it dismissed a Letters Patent Appeal filed by former employees of Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited challenging their termination. The High Court reaffirmed that confirmation in service is not automatic upon the completion of probationary period, even if that period exceeds the timeframe prescribed by the Model Standing Orders, provided the appointment terms require a positive act of confirmation by the employer.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the Supreme Court’s judgment in A.K.G. Construction case, in which it clarified that blacklisting is a stigmatic measure requiring distinct standards of legality and proportionality from contract termination

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Supreme Court in the K.G. Seshadri case, where it examined and opined on whether an employee could claim pensionary benefits under the State Bank of India Employees’ Pension Fund Rules, 1955 and whether such a claim could be sustained in proceedings under Section 33C(2) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 in the absence of a pre-existing right.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Supreme Court  in the Jai Prakash Saini v. Managing Director U.P. Cooperative Federation Ltd. & Ors case, where it held that if an employer conducts enquiry without following the principles of natural justice and denies an employee the opportunity of oral hearing, then termination order made on the basis of such enquiry shall stand invalid. Further, such employee shall be entitled to be reinstated in the post with applicable benefits.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Supreme Court, in the Bhagyalaxmi Co-operative Bank Ltd. case, wherein it held that the liability of a surety is discharged only in respect of transactions subsequent to an unauthorised variance in the terms of the contract under the provisions of the Indian Contract Act, 1872.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Supreme Court in the Larsen & Toubro case where it examined whether an arbitral tribunal could award pre-award/pendente lite interest despite an express contractual bar and whether post-award interest is governed by the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgment of the High Court of Delhi in the Rohan Book Company case, wherein it clarified various legal principles required to sustain a defamation claim in employer-employee disputes.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Delhi High Court (HC) in the Pankaj Vaid vs. ICICI Bank case, where it held that if an employee accepts the termination of his services and applicable notice pay. Then such termination shall be held valid and cannot be challenged by the employee accepting the notice pay.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgment of the High Court of Delhi in the Sarita Tiwari case, wherein it clarified that a probationer qualifies as ‘workman’ under Section 2(s) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, and affirmed that wages paid under Section 17-B are non-recoverable even if the termination is eventually upheld.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Kerala High Court (HC) in the Greevas Job Panakkal case, where it held that an employer cannot reject an employee’s resignation unless the resignation is in non-compliance with the employment agreement or disciplinary proceedings have been initiated against such employee.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the Supreme Court judgment in the case of Ashok Kumar Dabas v. Delhi Transport Corporation where it partially allowed an appeal filed by the legal heirs of a deceased employee, Ashok Kumar Dabas. The apex court reaffirmed the legal distinction between resignation and voluntary retirement, holding that while resignation entails forfeiture of past service for pensionary purposes as per Rule 26 of the Payment of Gratuity Rules, 1972, it does not deprive an employee of statutory gratuity.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the December 2025 judgement of the Supreme Court of India in the BPL Limited case, wherein it affirmed the primacy of party autonomy in determining arbitral interest rate under Section 31(7)(a) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the High Court of Rajasthan in the Devkrishna and Others case where it examined whether an ex-parte decree can be sustained where summons was allegedly refused but the Process Server and Witnesses were not examined to verify valid service under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the High Court of Kerala, in the Lunar Rubbers and Viking Rubbers case, wherein it held that the Labour Court must confine its adjudication strictly to the dispute referred to it and cannot adjudicate upon matters which go beyond the scope of the reference made under the provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad , in the case of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi through its Registrar Vs. Versus M/s Umang Cure Private Limited and 3 others wherein it partially allowed an appeal and set aside an interim injunction order. The Court reaffirmed that an arbitration agreement does not necessarily perish with the expiry of a contract if the parties continue their relationship through conduct.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Supreme Court (SC) in the Dr. Sohail Malik case, where it made a wider interpretation of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 and held that the Internal Committee of the workplace of the aggrieved woman/complainant has jurisdiction to inquire into the complaint even if the respondent is not an employee of the complainant.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the order of the Calcutta High Court in the New India Assurance Company Limited case where it examined whether a dispute concerning specific performance of an alleged concluded contract for execution of a fresh lease is liable to be referred to arbitration as per the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, on the strength of an arbitration clause contained in the expired Parent Lease deed

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh, in the case of Union Territory of J&K v. M/s SRM Contractors Ltd., wherein it reaffirmed that a person’s past professional relationship as an employee of a party does not, by itself, attract the disqualifications under Section 12(5) and the Seventh Schedule of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the High Court of Delhi in the Indraprastha Gas case, wherein it determined that the initial burden of proof of employer-employee relationship lies with the claimant and held that the Labour Court had acted beyond its jurisdiction by declaring a third-party contract a sham and camouflage in the absence of specific pleadings.

The fourth of the series, providing an overview of the Code on Social Security, 2020.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Delhi High Court (HC) in the ABC case where it held that termination of an employee solely for being HIV positive is unlawful and violative of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Prevention and Control) Act, 2017 and the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.

The Third of the series, providing an overview of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020.
We will be releasing similar Connect on the Code on Social Security, 2020 in due course.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Division Bench of the High Court of Karnataka in the Malurappa case, wherein it has affirmed that a dismissal from service is justified when an appointment is procured through forged educational certificates, as such fraudulent acts constitute misrepresentation and create no equity in favour of the employee regardless of their length of service.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Supreme Court in the case of Balaji Steel Trade vs. Fludor Benin S.A. & Ors., wherein it has reaffirmed that Indian courts lack jurisdiction to appoint an arbitrator when the primary agreement designates a foreign seat for arbitration.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the Supreme Court’s judgment in the K.S. Manjunath case which addressed the enforceability of an Agreement to Sell (ATS) against subsequent purchasers and the interpretation of Section 19(b) of the Specific Relief Act.

The second of the series, providing an overview of the Code on Wages, 2019. We will be releasing similar Connects on the remaining two Codes in due course.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the recent government order to release Menstrual Leave Policy by the Government of Karnataka wherein it has mandated employers to provide eligible women employees paid leave of one day per month for eligible women employees during their menstrual cycle for their health and well-being. It also examines in brief the legality of the order.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Supreme Court in the M/S Godwin Construction case where it examined whether a ‘Security Bond or Mortgage Deed’ is chargeable under Article 40 or Article 57 of Schedule I-B of the Indian Stamp Act, 1899. It opined that it is the legal character of the instrument that is considered for determination of Stamp Duty and not the nomenclature of the instrument.

The first of the series, providing an overview of the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020.

We will be releasing similar Connects on the remaining three Codes in due course.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the common judgment delivered by the Division Bench of the High Court of Delhi in the Spice Jet and LG Electronic case wherein it examined the challenge to special provisions made for ‘International Workers’ under the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and contradicted a 2024 judgment of Karnataka High Court.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Punjab and Haryana High Court (HC) in the Ashok Kumar case where it held that a delinquent employee cannot be denied his statutory benefits such as salary and leave encashment due to prolonged disciplinary proceedings. The HC reiterated that prolonged disciplinary inquiry reflects poorly on the employer as it contributes to the mental and financial agony of the delinquent employee.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Supreme Court in the case of Ramesh Chand (Deceased) through Legal representatives vs. Suresh Chand and Another wherein it was held that executing documents like agreement to sell, issuance of General Power of Attorney and receipt of consideration do not confer a valid title to an immovable property.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Kerala High Court in the Abraham Mathai case where it upheld the quashing of a Local Committee report, confirming that POSH inquiries are invalid without a mandatory written complaint. It emphasized that allegations of creating a hostile work environment must be connected with an act of sexual harassment.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Supreme Court in the Vaneeta Patnaik case wherein it examined the scope of limitation under Section 9 of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Rajasthan High Court in the case of Shwetabh Singhal vs. J.K. and Sons, through Rajendra Kumar Johri others wherein it was held that a certificate under Section 65-B of the Indian Evidence Act must be issued by the person in whose device the original electronic recording was made.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Calcutta High Court in the Sreepad Bhiwaniwala case where it held that a dispute arising upon termination of an employee, the termination not being termination simpliciter, can be referred to arbitration if the dispute resolution clause in the employment agreement provides for the same.

The SC upheld JSW’s Resolution Plan for BPSL, emphasizing finality and commercial wisdom. It barred belated claims like EBITDA, cautioning against “hydra heads popping up” and violating the plan’s “clean slate”. The CoC was confirmed to continue existing to monitor implementation.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the High Court of Bombay in the Tiktok Limited case, wherein the Court upheld the refusal of the Registrar of Trade Marks to include ‘TikTok’ in the list of well-known marks. It held that a ban imposed on the app by the Government of India on national security grounds is a relevant fact that the Registrar can consider under the Trade Marks Act, 1999.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Supreme Court in the Gian Chand Garg case wherein the court reiterated that once a settlement has been entered into by parties to the matter, conviction under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 cannot be sustained.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Jammu and Kashmir High Court in the Bilal Ahmad Yatoo case wherein the Court upheld the dismissal of a police constable holding that there was no bar in accepting a resignation on the same day on which it was tendered.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Delhi High Court in the case of M/S KLA Const Technologies Pvt Ltd. vs. M/S Gulshan Homz Private Limited wherein it has ruled on its territorial jurisdiction to appoint a sole arbitrator, while emphasizing the harmonious interpretation of contractual clauses specifying multiple prospective seats.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Himachal Pradesh High Court in the Surender Verma case wherein it opined on the stringent requirements for establishing claims of pay scale parity, especially under the ‘equal pay for equal work’ doctrine, for employees in different departments.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Odisha High Court in the Anindita Mishra case where it held that a woman cannot be denied maternity benefit on the grounds of her employment being contractual. The Court further held that denying a contractual employee her right to maternity benefit was violative of Article 14 of the Constitution of India.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the Kerala High Court’s judgement on the denial of public employment to an individual affected by Hepatitis B. The court held that the denial of public employment was illegal, unfair, and unjustifiable and constitutes a violation of the Right to Equality under Article 14 of the Constitution of India.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the High Court of Himachal Pradesh in the case of VADSP Pharmaceuticals and Others vs. Union of India wherein it has ruled that complainant needs to aver in the complaint that the person sought to be vicariously liable is not only in charge of but is also responsible to the Company for its affairs.

The Supreme Court held in R.S. Kadian v. Ajay Kumar Bhalla and Another held that failure to communicate Annual Confidential Reports on time deprives an opportunity to an officer to make a representation or improve work performance and consequent denial of promotion on the ground of such reports is legally unsustainable.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Supreme Court in the Kamal Dev Prasad case where it held that the objective of the Employees’ Compensation Act, 1923 is to provide relief to the victims of workplace accidents and therefore a liberal approach beyond the statutory prescription is acceptable when determining disability compensation.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Supreme Court in the case of K Umadevi vs. State of Tamil Nadu wherein it has ruled that maternity leave is a vital part of women’s reproductive rights, emphasizing that it is not merely a benefit, but a fundamental right protected under Article 21 of the Constitution, which guarantees the right to life and personal liberty.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the Supreme Court’s judgment on the extent of court’s powers to modify an arbitral award. The SC bench, by a 4:1 majority, held that the courts hold limited powers to modify an award.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Bombay High Court in the Vinod Narayan Kachave case wherein it opined that Internal Committees and Industrial Courts must thoroughly evaluate whether proven incidents truly constitute sexual harassment.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the Delhi High Court’s decision on registration of a trademark in for a pharmaceutical line of a Chinese company in India, on appeal from the decision of the Deputy Registrar of Trademarks. The HC observed that simpliciter registration of a mark in another jurisdiction does not entitle a person or an entity for registration of the same in India.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the order of the Delhi High Court in the Azure Hospitality case where the Division Bench opined that entities carrying on the business of issuing or granting licenses for copyrighted works must either be registered as a copyright society or be a member of one.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in the Jaya Venkatarama case where it held that factories and establishments falling within the purview of the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948 cannot be exempted from making contributions under the statute irrespective of their employees being covered under private insurance and irrespective of there being no ESI dispensary in the area.

The Governor of Karnataka on May 27, 2025, promulgated the Karnataka Platform Based Gig Workers (Social Security and Welfare) Ordinance, 2025 (‘Ordinance’). The Ordinance provides for a regulatory framework that governs platforms-based gig workers in the state of Karnataka. This Ordinance seeks to establish legal, welfare and social security provisions for gig workers.

The Calcutta High Court in the Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta case, held that an Industrial Tribunal is the right forum to determine if IIM-C, a statutory body, was the principal employer of contracted canteen resources engaged through its student council. It further held that mere denial by IIM-C was not sufficient to preclude a reference under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. It ruled that an employer-employee relationship is a mixed question of law and fact, and must be adjudicated only by the Tribunal.

The Supreme Court in Vijaya Bank and Another v. Prashant B Narnaware, held that a restrictive covenant in an appointment letter requiring an employee to serve for a minimum period and pay liquidated damages upon premature resignation is not in restraint of trade nor is it opposed to public policy or violative of Articles 14 and 19 of the Constitution.

The Bombay High Court, in Sanjiv Manmohan Gupta case, held that if correspondence included an arbitration clause in the invoices and parties acted on them without protest, acceptance of the clause is implied. This Connect analyses the judgment and reasoning of the Bombay High Court.

The Allahabad High Court in Jai Prakash Associates Ltd. v. State of U.P., held that the writ jurisdiction can be invoked to safeguard existing rights and not for seeking to establish any new right. However, such jurisdiction may be resorted to where the controversy involves a public law element and challenges executive fiat rights on the grounds of being illegal, arbitrary and disproportionate.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Bombay High Court in the V.N. Madhu case wherein it held that tenure of service provided by an unlawfully appointed employee would not be considered for the purpose of computing pension and gratuity benefits. Reappointment when made lawfully would be considered afresh for the purpose of computing pension and gratuity benefits.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the Calcutta High Court judgement in Greenbilt Industries case wherein it adjudicated on the appointment of an arbitrator for settling a dispute two corporate entities. The issue before the court was whether it must appoint an arbitrator based on a clause contained in a draft Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). The HC rejected the petition on the basis that the cause of action did not arise within the jurisdiction of the court based on the draft MOU.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Supreme Court in the K. Gopi V. The Sub-Registrar & Ors., case wherein it struck down Rule 55(A)(i) of the Tamil Nadu Registration Rules, 1949 as it is ultra vires the Registration Act, 1908 and reiterated that registering authority cannot adjudicate on the seller’s title to execute the transfer and refuse registration on the same ground.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the Bombay High Court judgment in the Arun Firodiya case wherein it dismissed the criminal writ petition filed by the chairman of Kinetic Engineering Ltd. challenging the lower court’s order for issuance of process against him for non-implementation of the court orders.

The Allahabad High Court, in the Shivakar Singh case, denied relief to an employee who was in jail for nearly three years and had claimed back wages for the period, on the principle that missing work due to incarceration does not entitle the employee to back wages. The writ petition seeking back wages was rejected.
This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgment wherein it applied the “no work, no pay” principle.

The Kerala High Court (HC), in the case of Sakkir Hussain vs Binu Madhu, held that it can exercise jurisdiction over the order of compensation passed by the Commissioner when there is lack of evidence to prove the existence of an employer-employee relationship.

The Madhya Pradesh High Court, in Vikram Singh v. Union of India and others, held that violation of service rules does not fall within the purview of violation of discharge of public functions. Therefore, any action taken by a private company against its employee would not come within the purview of its writ jurisdiction.

An Ahmedabad Civil Court, in Jensen Kobain Solution Pvt. Ltd vs. Mariya Kaushik Rajput case held that an employer is entitled to recover damages from the employee for resigning from her job without serving her notice period, and for her unexplained absenteeism.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Delhi High Court in Broad Peak Investment Holdings Limited v. Broad Peak Capital Advisors.case, wherein it applied the territoriality principle and held that a mark may be well-known name internationally, but that by itself cannot be a ground to assume that there has been a spillover of the reputation and goodwill of the mark in India.

The High Court of Kerala, in Sajeevan Swamy case, held that in ex-parte proceedings, the Court can issue an order in favour of the present party only if they prove their rights or the opposite party’s liability. This Connect analyses the judgment and reasoning of the Kerala High Court.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Kerala High Court in the Hareesh M.S. case, wherein it held that Internal Committee cannot proceed with a compliant if the allegations made in it does not constitute sexual harassment.

The Chhattisgarh High Court in Yaad Das Sahu v. State of Chhattisgarh and others held even for contractual employment, if any stigmatic order is to be passed, it must be done only after holding proper enquiry and giving due opportunity of hearing to the concerned employee.

The Gujarat High Court, in Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation vs. Sadgunbhai Semulbhai Solanki case held that depriving a person of their leave encashment which is equivalent to salary violates their constitutional right.

The Supreme Court, in Leela and others case, held that a will is not deemed valid simply by being registered. Rather, it must be proven in compliance with Section 68 of the Evidence Act, 1872 and Section 63 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925. This Connect analyses the judgment and reasoning of the Supreme Court.

The Delhi High Court in Baikuntha Nath Das v. Union of India and Others held that .voluntary retirement cannot be cancelled once accepted.

The Allahabad High Court in Mahendra Singh Kanwal case, held that the Controlling Authority under the Payment of Gratuity Act ,1972, is responsible for resolving gratuity-related disputes requiring factual inquiries. It directed the four employees to pursue remedies before Authority. This Connect analyses the judgment and reasoning of the Allahabad High Court.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Karnataka High Court in the Karnataka Employers Association case, wherein it held that the employers are stakeholders and parties who would be affected as their obligations would arise as an end result of the exercise of fixing and revising the minimum wages.

The Rajasthan High Court in the Giriraj vs Regional Forest Officer and Anr case, held that the burden lies on the workman to prove that their service period was 240 days, and no adverse inference can be drawn against the employer for failure to produce records against the workman’s service period.

This Connect provides a brief overview of the judgement of the Supreme Court in the Aureliano Fernandes case, wherein it laid down guidelines for better implementation of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013.

The Madras High Court, in Saraj Jyoti Dey and Another Vs. M/s. IndusInd Bank Limited, held that any right to unilateral appointment of arbitrator is open to challenge under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 and that the court can rectify this error.

The Supreme Court in Bidyut Sarkar case, held that an insufficiently stamped document can only be admitted into evidence after the deficiency in stamp duty and any applicable penalty has been paid. This Connect analyses the judgment and reasoning of the Supreme Court.